IP Routing

IP Routing
IP routing encompasses different methodologies to route Internet Protocol (IP) packets within and across IP networks by determining a suitable path to transfer network packets between source and destination nodes in and across IP networks.
IP Routing protocols enable routers to build up a forwarding table that correlates final destinations with next hop addresses.
- The process relies on dynamically obtained status information or static configuration rules to select specific packet forwarding methods in order to direct traffic one node closer to the final destination, which may be multiple computer networks away.
- Networks are managed and separated by gateways or routers providing the routing functions. Routers examine arriving packets for source and destination addressing and queue it to the corresponding outgoing interface according to their destination address, performance metrics and rules.
- A routing table provides all encoded rules for interfaces and their connected networks. If no requirements for a network packet cannot be met by any rule, it is forwarded to a default route. Beyond the parameters for source and destination, routing rules can also contain limitations on available bandwidth, expected packet loss rates, and specific technology requirements.
- IP forwarding algorithms consider the characteristics of the available links to other routers in the network, such as link capacity, utilization rate, and maximum datagram size that is supported on the link as well as the size of each packet and the type of service specified in the header.
- Most commonly, a shortest path algorithm is used by the routing software to determine the best route. Still, other routing protocols may use different metrics for determining the best path by calculating the associated cost and attempting to minimize it for every node hop.
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IP Protocols
- ARP — Address Resolution Protocol
- FTP — File Transfer Protocol
- HTTP
- IP Routing
- TCP — Transmission Control Protocol
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address (e.g. MAC address) that is associated with a given internet layer address, commonly IPv4.
The mapping function provided by ARP is critical to the Internet protocol suite and has been implemented with many combinations of network and data link layer technologies, such as IPv4, Chaosnet and DECnet using IEEE 802 standards, FDDI, X.25 and Frame Relay amongst others.
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) standard defines an application layer network protocol to transfer files from a server to a client on a computer network.
FTP is based on a client-server model architecture using separate control and data connections between client and server.
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a standardized application layer protocol for distributed and collaborative, hypermedia information systems.
Alongside HTML, HTTP facilitated the development of original World Wide Web, the first interactive, text-based web browser.
IP routing encompasses different methodologies to route Internet Protocol (IP) packets within and across IP networks by determining a suitable path to transfer network packets between source and destination nodes in and across IP networks.
IP Routing protocols enable routers to build up a forwarding table that correlates final destinations with next hop addresses.
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite providing reliable, ordered, and error-checked byte stream deliveries between hosting applications communicating through an IP network.
Located in the Transport Layer of the TCP/IP suite, major internet applications such as the World Wide Web, email, SSL/TLS and file transfers rely on or run on top of TCP.
IP Routing and iGrid
iGrid has extensive experience in working with Ethernet and also the IP protocol suite, encpasulating, transfering, mapping and converting data and protocols accross many architectures, networks and application types. Our devices and software solutions can also provide advanced IP routing functions accross Ethernet networks.

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