FTP - File Transfer Protocol

File Transfer Protocol

The File Trans­fer Pro­to­col (FTP) stan­dard defines an appli­ca­tion lay­er net­work pro­to­col to trans­fer files from a serv­er to a client on a com­put­er network.

FTP is based on a client-serv­er mod­el archi­tec­ture using sep­a­rate con­trol and data con­nec­tions between client and server.

  • FTP is one of the old­est and sim­plest pro­to­cols in use today and still a con­ve­nient way to move files between clients and servers.
  • Users con­nect to servers via an FTP client, a sim­ple soft­ware that lets you down- and upload files from the server’s direc­to­ry and sub-directories.
  • FTP clients must usu­al­ly authen­ti­cate them­selves with a clear-text sign-in pro­to­col, most com­mon­ly a user­name and pass­word, but can some­times also con­nect anony­mous­ly if the serv­er con­fig­u­ra­tion allows it.
  • FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS (FTPS) or replaced with SSH File Trans­fer Pro­to­col (SFTP) to pro­tect the user­name and pass­word and encrypt the content.
  • FTP is com­mon­ly used for web­site host­ing and occa­sion­al­ly for file shar­ing purposes.
  • FTP uses two basic chan­nels: The com­mand chan­nel con­tains the tasks involved in the file trans­fer — what files are to be accessed, are com­mands being reg­is­tered etc. The data chan­nel then trans­fers the actu­al data between devices.
  • FTP con­nec­tions can be in active or pas­sive mode. Active modes allow serv­er and device to open­ly com­mu­ni­cate over both chan­nels, with the serv­er active­ly estab­lish­ing the con­nec­tion by approv­ing requests for data. How­ev­er, this mode can be dis­rupt­ed by fire­walls and oth­er sim­i­lar issues, for which cas­es there is the pas­sive mode where the serv­er pays atten­tion but doesn’t active­ly main­tain the con­nec­tions, allow­ing the oth­er device to do all the work.
  • Although HTTP is the only pro­to­col behind the web sites we vis­it and which we regard as “the inter­net,” there are many oth­er pro­to­cols that, col­lec­tive­ly, make up the inter­net. Oth­er known pro­to­cols are IMAP and POP, which are used by email clients to send and receive mes­sages, while XMPP is used to send and receive instant mes­sages. In the same way, FTP is anoth­er pro­to­col of the IP suite.

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      IP Protocols

      The Address Res­o­lu­tion Pro­to­col (ARP) is a com­mu­ni­ca­tion pro­to­col used for dis­cov­er­ing the link lay­er address (e.g. MAC address) that is asso­ci­at­ed with a giv­en inter­net lay­er address, com­mon­ly IPv4.

      The map­ping func­tion pro­vid­ed by ARP is crit­i­cal to the Inter­net pro­to­col suite and has been imple­ment­ed with many com­bi­na­tions of net­work and data link lay­er tech­nolo­gies, such as IPv4, Chaos­net and DEC­net using IEEE 802 stan­dards, FDDI, X.25 and Frame Relay amongst others.

      The File Trans­fer Pro­to­col (FTP) stan­dard defines an appli­ca­tion lay­er net­work pro­to­col to trans­fer files from a serv­er to a client on a com­put­er network.

      FTP is based on a client-serv­er mod­el archi­tec­ture using sep­a­rate con­trol and data con­nec­tions between client and server.

      The Hyper­text Trans­fer Pro­to­col (HTTP) is a stan­dard­ized appli­ca­tion lay­er pro­to­col for dis­trib­uted and col­lab­o­ra­tive, hyper­me­dia infor­ma­tion systems.

      Along­side HTML, HTTP facil­i­tat­ed the devel­op­ment of orig­i­nal World Wide Web, the first inter­ac­tive, text-based web browser.

      IP rout­ing encom­pass­es dif­fer­ent method­olo­gies to route Inter­net Pro­to­col (IP) pack­ets with­in and across IP net­works by deter­min­ing a suit­able path to trans­fer net­work pack­ets between source and des­ti­na­tion nodes in and across IP networks.

      IP Rout­ing pro­to­cols enable routers to build up a for­ward­ing table that cor­re­lates final des­ti­na­tions with next hop addresses.

      The Trans­mis­sion Con­trol Pro­to­col (TCP) is one of the main pro­to­cols of the Inter­net pro­to­col suite pro­vid­ing reli­able, ordered, and error-checked byte stream deliv­er­ies between host­ing appli­ca­tions com­mu­ni­cat­ing through an IP network.

      Locat­ed in the Trans­port Lay­er of the TCP/IP suite, major inter­net appli­ca­tions such as the World Wide Web, email, SSL/TLS and file trans­fers rely on or run on top of TCP.

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      Our devices can be con­fig­ured by upload­ing con­fig­u­ra­tion files via FTP and also report infor­ma­tion, as well as enable file down­loads via FTP. 

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